Andrew Taylor Still, founder of U.S. osteopathy and craniosacral therapy, meets with Shawnee healers.
Date: 1860
Craniosacral therapy emerges as a Western form of healing rooted in osteopathy, with no open acknowledgement of its Indigenous roots. Founder Andrew Taylor Still "is known to have alluded to the bone-setting methods of the Shawnee at least once... [and] often used the phrase ‘Taking an Indian look’ at something. Forgetting what you know and just to quietly observe with no thoughts" (Renfrew, 2015).