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"Charity" hospitals begin to compete for subsidies for care for those living in poverty.

1880s

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These early nonprofit hospitals enter a field of fierce competition for workers, construction contracts for new buildings, and donations. Many hospitals are created with a mandate to serve only the "deserving poor."

Early donations to these hospitals are largely based on shared religious and ethnic values, as well as shared ideas of who "should" (and "shouldn't") receive care. As public health begins to grow, these hospitals also begin to compete for government subsidies and new health programs.