Community care post-Emancipation led by Black and Indigenous midwives in the Southeast.
Date: 1865
After Emancipation in 1865, medical services for African-American communities are sparse and under-funded, and midwives continue to offer general health care. These Indigenous and Black midwives/birth workers function as liaisons between the community and the few accessible health professionals and institutions. This system lasts until the 1960s.