The revolt is led by organizers from several ethnic groups, including the Akan people of West Africa, who view the colonial master-servant relationship as a violation of Akan tradition; the Caromantees and Paw-Paws of West Africa, who reject the brutality of slavery; Spanish-speaking Natives, who view themselves as free people who have been illegally enslaved; and Creoles, who join in protest of their status and harsh treatment.

On April 7, 1712, the coalition sets fire to a building in the center of the city. Armed with hatchets, knives, and guns, the rebels attack as they arrive at the fire, killing at least nine white slaveholders and injuring six. As punishment, many of the organizers involved in the revolt are publicly tortured to death.