Roberts (1997) writes: “The eugenics movement was also energized by issues of race. In the 1930’s it turned its attention from the influx of undesirable immigrants to the Black population in the South. Southern segregationists threatened by Black political advancement borrowed theories from the Northern liberals… In Racial Hygiene, published in 1929, Thurman B. Rice warned that the 'colored races are pressing the white race most urgently and this pressure may be expected to increase.' The twentieth-century eugenicists were not content to rely on evolutionary forces to eliminate biological inferiors; they proposed instead government [involuntary sterilization] programs that would reduce the Black birthrate."