John Winthrop's "receipt" book largely includes remedies from flora and fauna found in Great Britain.
Date: 1643
By relying upon items such as moss and toads burnt to ash, Winthrop's "receipts" demonstrate a medical reliance upon cultural and natural traits of the colonial power's landscape, not the landscape of its colonies. McCulla (2016) writes: "These receipts show how early European 'settlers' arrived in North America equipped with a thoroughly European perspective which had not yet begun to adapt to their American surroundings."