New York City becomes the first place in the colonies to require midwives to be licensed.
Date: 1716
Previously, in England, midwives were licensed by the Church of England and overseen by bishops, who were charged with preventing witchcraft. This also prevented midwives from charging their own fees, providing care for those terminating a pregnancy, practicing "magical" forms of healing, hiding children born out of wedlock, and refusing to attend the births of people living in poverty. The New York licensure ordinance echoes these standards.