These include the Tehama Massacre; the Mariposa War; the Wintu Massacre; the Hynes Bay Massacre; the Bridge Gulch Massacre; the Wright Massacre; the Howonquet, Yontocket, Achulet Massacres of Tolowa California; the Ox Massacre; and more. These massacres are generally a direct and violent response to Indigenous resistance to displacement and genocide. Successful resistance leads to the shaping of new Southeastern tribal confederacies, as well as Lakota/Dakota/Nakota resistance across the plains.