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Old photo of four Black people posing on arid ground for the camera in front of a small wooden house.
Farmers Perry and America Bates and their children on a Kansas settlement.

Post-Reconstruction, over 1,200 Black settlements, enclaves, and towns are established.

1870

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Farmers Perry and America Bates and their children on a Kansas settlement.

More than 500 of these are established with full town infrastructures, and 60 are legally incorporated by the state.