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The American Medical Association first acknowledges the "possibility" of racial bias in healthcare.

1990

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The American Medical Association (AMA) formally acknowledges the disparities between white and Black patients' access to and experience of healthcare for the first time.

An AMA council writes: “Disparities in treatment decisions may reflect the existence of subconscious bias... The health care system, like all other elements of society, has not fully eradicated this [racial] prejudice" (Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 1990).