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The Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act is passed.

2006

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The law's passage is fueled by the murder of trans woman Gwen Araujo, as well as the 2004 murder of Joel Robles.

The act prevents defendants from using "panic strategies" and potential biases against the victim to minimize their actions. Panic strategies attempt to justify an act of violence as a panic response to learning someone's identity–in this case, Araujo's trans identity. The act states that framing a violent reaction as a result of panic places the locus of blame on someone's identity rather than on the person committing violence. Juries are now advised to not make decisions about a criminal case based on the victim's gender identity or sexual orientation.