The right for physicians to admit patients to hospitals becomes linked to their membership in the American Medical Association.
Date: 1900s
Physicians are increasingly required to participate in the American Medical Association (AMA) and other professional medical associations in order to practice, alongside meeting requirements for state licensing and other regulations. Since most of these associations have structurally-banned physicians who are African-America, Native, and other People of Color, this immediately limits the ability for these doctors to admit patients under their care.