The Solano Institute for Medical Psychiatric Research is established.
Date: 1963
The Solano Institute for Medical Psychiatric Research (SIMPR) is formed as a non-profit in Vacaville, California. It is a consortium of physicians receiving research grants from large pharmaceutical companies that include Roche, Abbott, and SmithKline. Many of the researchers in the consortium conduct experiments in prisons. Their questionable practices include paying low wages to incarcerated people, using poor experimental protocols, and evading FDA oversight.
One independent medical expert asks of their work: "If the researchers really believe these experiments are safe for humans, why do they go to the prison for their subjects?" (Hornblum, 2013, p. 107).