The court is established by the United States government to assess and distribute land claims made in response to the Treaty of Hidalgo and other land grants made with the Spanish and/or Mexican government. Land grants in this context are grants given to wealthy and/or long-standing Spanish and/or Mexican families to keep their land after the U.S. claimed it. The committee is intended to assess rights to legal ownership, but high levels of corruption in the process will lead to the committee being disbanded five years later.