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People of various ages stand behind a white person and a Hmong person dressed in military uniforms.
Hmong military commander Vang Pao and PEO advisor Jack F. Mathews.

U.S. military recruits Hmong people to fight for the U.S. in the Vietnam War, creating generational trauma.

Date: 1961

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Hmong military commander Vang Pao and PEO advisor Jack F. Mathews.

In a partnership between the U.S. Army Special Forces, known as the "Green Berets," and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), this "Secret War" relies on Hmong soldiers to work covertly against the spread of communism.

After the war, thousands of Hmong people will flee their indigenous homelands in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, often spending years in refugee camps before coming to the United States. The Hmong people will face intense physical, emotional, and mental trauma as a result of the war and displacement, and will receive no national recognition in the U.S.