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Vaccine trials performed on incarcerated Filipino men in Bilibid Prison without their consent.

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Dr. Richard Strong, a graduate of Yale and Johns Hopkins Medical School, and a professor of Tropical Medicine at Harvard University, intentionally infects 24 Filipinx prisoners with cholera, which had somehow become contaminated with the plague. Strong, who is the director of the Biological Laboratory of the Philippine Bureau of Science at the time, does this without informing or obtaining consent from the patients. All of the subjects become sick, and 13 die. This is one of the first times the U.S. officially documents medical experimentation in a prison.