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Stanford psychiatrist Dr. Hans Steiner conducts research on youth in juvenile detention facilities.

1997

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The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Stanford University approves research of an experimental trial of Depakote–a seizure disorder medication.

Dr. Steiner tests this drug on 61 young men between the ages of 14-18 in juvenile detention to see if it reduced tendencies of "violent behavior."

The California Youth Authority is authorized to give consent to IRBs for any trials if the parents or guardians of young people in detention are not reached within 30 days, which leaves a loophole for coercion to take place.