The Berlin Anthropological Society is formed to differentiate between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans.
Date: 1869
The society is established by Rudolf Virchow as a site for sharing "research" on the differences between Jewish and non-Jewish German children by using physical characteristics like cranial size, eye and hair color, etc.
Virchow's "research" will be picked up by many eugenicists, and a similar system will be used at Ellis Island to determine which immigrants are allowed to enter or will be forced to leave.